Field of reference: Psychology
Description: The Stanford Prison Experiment showed how ordinary people become the role they play in a given environment.
>“When the images of the abuse and torture in Abu Ghraib were revealed, immediately the military went on the defensive saying it’s a few bad apples. When we see people do bad things we assume they are bad people to begin with. But what we know in our study is: there are a set of social psychological variables that can make ordinary people do things they could never have imagined doing.”
> “We frankly didn’t anticipate what was going to happen. We tried to really test the power of the environment to change and transform otherwise normal people. Much as Milgram had changed or transformed otherwise normal people in an obedient situation, we wanted to do it in a prison-like situation.”
>style="text-decoration: underline">Link to the video
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Field of reference: Sociology
Description: Social Network analysis reveals the profound impact of networks on all areas of life: health, marriage, economy, politics and more. Elaborate description: http://www.crossroadstimes.com/sociology/your-social-network-has-the-power-to-influence-what-you-think-want-feel-choose-and-eventually-do.htm
>“How we feel, what we know, whom we marry, whether we fall ill, how much money we make, and whether we vote all depend on the ties that bind us. Social networks spread happiness, generosity, and love. They are always there, exerting both subtle and dramatic influence over our choices, actions, thoughts, feelings, even our desires. And our connections do not end with the people we know. Beyond our own social horizons, friends of friends of friends can start chain reactions that eventually reach us, like waves from distant lands that wash up on our shores.”
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Field of reference: Psychology
Description: Social identity is derived from social psychology and not individual
>"It is concluded that the social identity concept represents a mechanism of social-psychological interaction and as such demonstrates that social psychology need not be an individualistic science."
>style="text-decoration: underline">Link to the academic paper
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Field of reference: Psychology
Description: Group influence on an individual
>"Normative influence, a function of social impact theory, has three components.[10] The number of people in the group has a surprising effect. As the number increases, each person has less of an impact. A group's strength is how important the group is to a person. Groups we value generally have more social influence. Immediacy is how close the group is in time and space when the influence is taking place."
>style="text-decoration: underline">Link to the article
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Field of reference: Psychology
Description: The Asch conformity experiment showed how an individual will conform to the group and how even perception and cognition can be distorted by the group's influence
>"This experiment was conducted using 123 male participants. Each participant was put into a group with 5 to 7 "confederates" (people who knew the true aims of the experiment, but were introduced as participants to the naive "real" participant). The participants were shown a card with a line on it, followed by another card with 3 lines on it labeled a, b, and c. The participants were then asked to say which line matched the line on the first card in length. Each line question was called a "trial". The "real" participant answered last or next to last. For the first two trials, the subject would feel at ease in the experiment, as he and the other "participants" gave the obvious, correct answer. On the third trial, the confederates would start all giving the same wrong answer. There were 18 trials in total and the confederates answered incorrectly for 12 of them, these 12 were known as the "critical trials". The aim was to see whether the real participant would change his answer and respond in the same way as the confederates, despite it being the wrong answer.
>Solomon Asch thought that the majority of people would not conform to something obviously wrong, but the results showed that 24% of the participants did not conform on any trial. 75% conformed at least once, and 5% conformed every time."
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