Pierre Teilhard de Chardin
Field of reference: Philosophy, Biology
Description: Human evolution will develop to a higher consciousness.
"Teilhard views evolution as a process that leads to increasing complexity. From the cell to the thinking animal, a process of psychical concentration leads to greater consciousness.[3]The emergence of Homo sapiens marks the beginning of a new age, as the power acquired by consciousness to turn in upon itself raises humankind to a new sphere.[4] Borrowing Julian Huxley’s expression, Teilhard describes humankind as evolution becoming conscious of itself.[5]In Teilhard's conception of the evolution of the species, a collective identity begins to develop as trade and the transmission of ideas increases.[6] Knowledge accumulates and is transmitted in increasing levels of depth and complexity.[7] This leads to a further augmentation of consciousness and the emergence of a thinking layer that envelops the earth.[8] Teilhard calls the new membrane the “noosphere” (from the Greek “nous,” meaning mind), a term first coined by Vladimir Vernadsky. The noosphere is the collective consciousness of humanity, the networks of thought and emotion in which all are immersed.[9]The development of science and technology causes an expansion of the human sphere of influence, allowing a person to be simultaneously present in every corner of the world. Teilhard argues that humanity has thus become cosmopolitan, stretching a single organized membrane over the Earth.[10] Teilhard describes the process by which this happens as a “gigantic psychobiological operation, a sort of mega-synthesis, the “super-arrangement” to which all the thinking elements of the earth find themselves today individually and collectively subject.”[11] The rapid expansion of the noosphere requires a new domain of psychical expansion, which “is staring us in the face if we would only raise our heads to look at it.”[12]In Teilhard’s view, evolution will culminate in the Omega Point, a sort of supreme consciousness. Layers of consciousness will converge in Omega, fusing and consuming them in itself.[13] The concentration of a conscious universe will reassemble in itself all consciousnesses as well as all that we are conscious of.[14] Teilhard emphasizes that each individual facet of consciousness will remain conscious of itself at the end of the process.[15]"
| שייך לנושאים: 1-13 - חינוך אינטגרלי, -מקורות מדעיים, הטבע, 1. רמת קשר |
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Dr. Peter A. Corning
Field of reference: Biology, sociology, psychology, ecology
Description: Description of Holistic Darwinism. Evolution is a process dependent on co-operative and synergistic outcomes of many factors.
"I believe that Holistic Darwinism can plausibly be viewed as a candidate for a post-neo-Darwinian synthesis. It involves a paradigm that refocuses evolutionary theory on the "vessels" (to borrow a metaphor from our rowing examples) and their functional properties as the vanguard of evolutionary change. In fact, that is where natural selection as a causal dynamic actually occurs; to use an older turn of phrase, it is the vessels that are "tested" in the environment. Holistic Darwinism shifts our focus from the anthropomorphic purposes of selfish genes in theoretical isolation to the evolved, emergent purposiveness of the living systems as wholes, and to the functional interactions and relationships (adaptations in specific environments) that result in differential survival and reproduction."
| שייך לנושאים: 1-13 - חינוך אינטגרלי, -מקורות מדעיים, הטבע, 1. רמת קשר |
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John Stewart
Field of reference: Biology
Description: Evolution advances through the cooperation of individual identities into larger and larger collectives
"Evolution progresses towards greater cooperation by discovering ways to build cooperative organisations out of components that are self-interested. It has done so repeatedly throughout the history of life on earth. Cooperative groups of self-replicating molecular processes formed the first simple cells, groups of these cells formed larger and more complex cells, these in turn formed cooperative groups of cells that became multicellular organisms, and groups of multicellular organisms formed cooperative insect societies and human social systems. One thing that is striking about this is that the cooperative groups that arose at each step in the sequence became the organisms that then teamed up to form the cooperative groups (and organisms) at the next step in the sequence. The result has been that all larger-scale living organisms are made up of smaller-scale living processes that are in turn made up of still smaller-scale processes and so on. And for the organism to operate effectively, all these layers of living processes must cooperate in the interests of the organism. All organisms, each of us included, are cooperative organisations."
| שייך לנושאים: 1-13 - חינוך אינטגרלי, -מקורות מדעיים, הטבע, 1. רמת קשר |
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John Stewart
Field of reference: Biology
Description: Cooperation leads to greater adaptability and survival in nature
"The potential benefits of adaptations which establish cooperative arrangements amongst living entities are well known, whether the entities are molecular processes, cells, multicellular organisms, or human nation states. In particular, cooperation between entities can avoid the costly consequences of the pursuit by individuals of their individual interests at the expense of others, and can provide the advantages of cooperative differentiation, specialisation, and division of labour (e.g. as exemplified by molecular processes within cells, cells within metazoans, and human activities within modern economies). Cooperative organisation can also establish coordinated action across greater scales of space and time, enabling adaptation to external events of greater scale (e.g. metazoans can generally adapt successfully to larger scale threats than can single celled organisms)."
| שייך לנושאים: 1-13 - חינוך אינטגרלי, -מקורות מדעיים, הטבע, 1. רמת קשר |
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Dr. Nicholas Christiakis
Field of reference: Sociology
Description: TED Talk, network science shows the effects of inherent interconnections between people
"New properties emerge because of our embeddedness in social networks and these properties inhere, in the structure of the networks, not just in the individuals within them. So think about these two objects (Graphite in a pencil, A diamond).
They're both made of carbon. And yet, one of them has carbon atoms arranged in one particular way, and you get graphite, which is soft and dark.But if you take the same atoms and interconnect them a different way, you get diamond, which is clear and hard.
And those properties of softness and hardness and hardness and clearness do not reside in the carbon atoms. They reside in the interconnections between the carbon atoms, or at least, arise because of the interconnections between the carbon atoms.So similarly, the pattern of connections among people, confers among people, groups of people, different properties.It is the ties between people that makes the whole greater than the sum of its parts."
| שייך לנושאים: 1-13 - חינוך אינטגרלי, -מקורות מדעיים, הטבע, 1. רמת קשר |
| להשאיר תגובה | |