Jeremy Rifkin
Field of reference: Economics
Description: Many details on the replacement of human labor by machinery and technology in nearly every field of human endeavor
"A technology revolution is fast replacing human beings with machines in virtually every sector and industry in the global economy. Already, millions of workers have been permanently eliminated from the economic process, and whole work categories and job assignments have shrunk, been restructured, or disappeared.New breakthroughs in the information and life sciences threaten to end much of outdoor farming by the middle decades of the coming century. The technological changes in the production of food are leading to a world without farmers, with untold consequences for the 2.4 million people who still rely on the land for their survival.In 1850, 60 percent of the working population was employed in agriculture. Today, less than 2.7 percent of the workforce is engaged directly in farming. The Israelis are also experimenting with a Robotic Melon Picker (ROMPER) that uses special sensors to determine whether a crop is ripe to pick. The introduction of ROMPER and other automated machinery will dramatically affect the economic prospects of the more than 30,000 Palestinians employed during harvesting season. In the United States, Purdue University scientists say they expect to see ROMPER in use "in every Indiana county by the end of the decade." Similar robots are being developed with artificial intelligence to plough and seed fields, feed dairy cows, even shear live sheep. Researchers predict that the fully automated factory farm is less than 20 years away."
| שייך לנושאים: 1-13 - חינוך אינטגרלי, -מקורות מדעיים, התפתחות האגו, 1. מעל צרכים בסיסיים |
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"IEEE Spectrum" Magazine
Field of reference: Technology
Description: Biggest electronics manufacturer on earth to relpace staff of 1.2 million with robots
"it's not too much of a stretch to imagine that one robot could probably work as efficiently as 1.2 humans, especially considering that the robot can be less productive (even substantially less productive) if it just works more hours than a single human is capable of.think we all realize that robots replacing humans when it comes to repetitive manufacturing jobs is a gradual inevitability, but it's a bit of a shock to consider a million robots over such a short span of time."
| שייך לנושאים: 1-13 - חינוך אינטגרלי, -מקורות מדעיים, התפתחות האגו, 1. מעל צרכים בסיסיים |
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Dr. Jane Goodall
Field of reference: Biology
Description: altruistic behavior in nature
"Mutual grooming plays an important part in the social life of chimpanzees, and two friends, or even a small group, will sit quietly for hours searching through each other's long black hair for specks of dirt, grass seeds, or ticks.Some students of animal behavior see in this grooming activity the first beginnings of true social and altruistic behavior in the whole animal kingdom."
| שייך לנושאים: 1-13 - חינוך אינטגרלי, -מקורות מדעיים, הטבע, 2. הטבע כמערכת |
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Wikipedia - Mean Field Theory
Field of reference: Physics
Description: Multi-particle physical systems are so complex that only a very efficient approximate treatment is possible. The mean free theory describes such physical systems as individual particles evolving under the influence of an effective force, which is the combined force exerted by the rest of the system.
"Mean field theory (MFT, also known as self-consistent field theory) is a method to analyse physical systems with multiple bodies. A many-body system with interactions is generally very difficult to solve exactly, except for extremely simple cases (random field theory, 1D Ising model). The n-body system is replaced by a 1-body problem with a chosen good external field. The external field replaces the interaction of all the other particles to an arbitrary particle."
| שייך לנושאים: 1-13 - חינוך אינטגרלי, -מקורות מדעיים, הטבע, 2. הטבע כמערכת |
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Wikipedia - Principle of Min. Energy
Field of reference: Physics
Description: Closed physical systems will tend to "arrange" their sub-systems (elements) in such a way that will minimize the system's potential energy while at the same time maximize it's entropy (the level of complexity). In general, lower energy states corresponds with lower entropy, therefore keeping a balance between maximum entropy and minimum energy has some unique and interesting manifestations in physical systems.
"A closed system, on the other hand, is a system which is connected to another system, and may exchange energy, but not mass, with the other system. If, rather than an isolated system, we have a closed system, in which the entropy rather than the energy remains constant, then it follows from the first and second laws of thermodynamics that the energy of that system will drop to a minimum value at equilibrium, transferring its energy to the other system. To restate: * The maximum entropy principle: For a closed system with fixed internal energy (i.e. an isolated system), the entropy is maximized at equilibrium. * The minimum energy principle: For a closed system with fixed entropy, the total energy is minimized at equilibrium. This should not be confused with the minimum total potential energy principle which states that, at equilibrium, the total potential energy of a system with dissipation will be at a minimum, which is a special case of the maximum entropy principle."
| שייך לנושאים: 1-13 - חינוך אינטגרלי, -מקורות מדעיים, הטבע, 2. הטבע כמערכת |
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