Dr. Nayef Al-Rodhan
Field of reference: Neuroscience, Sociology, Psychology
Description: Human natures ego is the drive behind self-interest actions,and in a proper environment humans are capable of using this drive in a more ethical moral direction
" Human nature is governed by general self-interest and affected by genetic predisposition, which implies that there are likely to be limits to our moral sensitivities. In my view, altruism is in the final analysis driven by survival motives that are emotionally based. In this sense, my approach supports Hume’s thesis. Recent neuroscientific findings confirm that we are primarily driven by our emotions rather than reason. Yet, since the human psyche and human behaviour are also the product of the environment, under the right circumstances and with deliberate effort, we are capable of acting morally, beyond the margins of what our genetic coding has primed us for."
| שייך לנושאים: 1-13 - חינוך אינטגרלי, -מקורות מדעיים, התפתחות האגו, 3. קנאה וכבוד |
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Dr. Nayef Al-Rodhan
Field of reference: Sociology, History, Psychology
Description: Humans egoistic based nature leads to destructive desires at the expense of others and according to our human history we will not be capable of prosperity if our nature is not held in check
" A predominant part of human nature is driven by basic survival instincts that ensure the satisfaction of basic needs such as food, shelter, and personal safety. Greed, however, may lead to excess. While we recognize that ego can lead to the pursuit of power and drive the desire for achievement, we add a number of other possible consequences of ego, depicted in the diagram. First, ego can lead to the desire to dominate others or to exercise hegemony. Second, it can also lead to a belief in one’s own exceptionalism. Third, it is behind the need for belonging and the need for a positive identity, since both imply being recognized as an individual of worth. Ego can also result in cultural arrogance when it is fed by notions of superiority." The fulfillment of basic needs, the requirements of ego, and the assuagement of fear all form part of human nature. Under certain conditions each of these facets may lead to any combination of greed, aggression, dominance, occupation, the pursuit of power, a belief in exceptionalism, cultural arrogance, alliances, the search for a sense of belonging, and the need for a positive self-definition. Given these various innate survival instincts and drivers of behavior, we should be under no illusions about the possibility of morality in the absence an overarching institutional framework capable of guaranteeing security and mitigating against excesses related to the fulfillment of ego and basic needs. It is clear from human history that human beings cannot prosper in an ungoverned state of nature."
| שייך לנושאים: 1-13 - חינוך אינטגרלי, -מקורות מדעיים, התפתחות האגו, 3. קנאה וכבוד |
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Dr. Erzo F. P. Luttmer
Field of reference: Psychology, Sociology, Economy
Description: Research showing that happiness and well being is relative to our neighbours income
"This paper provides evidence that suggests that utility depends in part on relative position. The paper’s findings indicate that interpersonal preferences that incorporate relative income concerns drive the negative association between neighbors’ earnings and own well-being."
| שייך לנושאים: 1-13 - חינוך אינטגרלי, -מקורות מדעיים, התפתחות האגו, 3. קנאה וכבוד |
| להשאיר תגובה | |
John Stuart Mill
Field of reference: Philosophy, psychology, sociology
"Men do not desire merely to be rich, but to be richer than other men."
| שייך לנושאים: 1-13 - חינוך אינטגרלי, -מקורות מדעיים, התפתחות האגו, 3. קנאה וכבוד |
| להשאיר תגובה | |
Dr. Christopher K. Hsee, Yang Yan, Dr. Naihe Li, Luxi Shen
Field of reference: Psychology
Description: Human desires such as wealth and acquisition conform to relative happiness. Basic animal desires such as food conform to absolute happiness
"A central question in consumer and happiness research is whether happiness depends on absolute or relative levels of wealth and consumption. To address this question, the authors evaluate a finer level than overall happiness and distinguish three specific types of happiness: with money, with the acquisition of an item, and with the consumption of an item. They find that happiness with money and with acquisition is relative and that happiness with consumption can be either absolute or relative, depending on whether the consumption is inherently evaluable or not.In general, laypeople assume that happiness depends on absolute wealth and absolute consumption levels. Behavioral researchers have drawn a more realistic picture by arguing that happiness depends primarily on relative wealth and relative consumption levels. In this article, we draw an even more realistic picture by demonstrating that each view is correct under predictable circumstances. We believe that if attention is focused on consumption rather than on money or goods and if wealth is invested in improving inherently evaluable consumption rather than inherently inevaluable consumption, raising wealth from one generation to the next will make the new generation absolutely happier."
| שייך לנושאים: 1-13 - חינוך אינטגרלי, -מקורות מדעיים, התפתחות האגו, 3. קנאה וכבוד |
| להשאיר תגובה | |