Dr. Richard Wilkinson, Dr. Kate Pickett
Field of reference: Economics, Sociology
Description: Unequal Societies = People Being More Self Interested, Less Public Spirited, Less Concerned With The Common Good
“Because inequality increases status competition, it also increases consumerism. People in more unequal societies work longer hours because money seems even more important.”
“Because inequality harms the quality of social relations (increasing violence, reducing trust, cohesion and involvement in community life), people become more self-interested, less public spirited, less concerned with the common good.”
| שייך לנושאים: 1-13 - חינוך אינטגרלי, -מקורות מדעיים, התפתחות האגו, 4. יאוש וניכור |
| להשאיר תגובה | |
Dr. James Garbarino
Field of reference: Sociology, Psychology, Education
Description: Much of the young generation turns to acts of violence because of feelings of lack of purpose/meaning in life and because they are not receiving this positive meaningful society environment they turn to other means to try and fill this lack'
"Neglect, shame, spiritual emptiness, alienation, anger and access to guns are a few of the elements common to violent boys, says James Garbarino, professor of human development at Cornell, in his new book, Lost Boys: Why Our Sons Turn Violent and How We Can Save Them. "There is an epidemic of youth violence, and no community is immune," says Garbarino, the co-director of the Family Life Development Center at Cornell and the author of 15 other books. "The boys who commit these acts are our sons, and if we look carefully, deeply and without prejudice, we can identify their risk factors." These risks, he writes, can be found "in alienation from positive role models, in a spiritual emptiness that spawns despair, in adolescent melodrama, in humiliation and shame, in the video culture of violent fantasy that seduces many of the emotionally vulnerable and in the gun culture that arms our society's troubled boys."
| שייך לנושאים: 1-13 - חינוך אינטגרלי, -מקורות מדעיים, התפתחות האגו, 4. יאוש וניכור |
| להשאיר תגובה | |
Dr. Warren A. Kinghorn, Dr. Matthew D. McEvoy, Dr. Andrew Michel, Michael Balboni, MDiv
Field of reference: Health
Description: View from group of MD's on medical treatment, policy making etc. by what moral basis this is established in modern times
"On what moral basis did all but one of the graduating classes decide which of the Hippocratic stipulations to modify or delete? It is there—not in the oath itself, but in the patterns by which the oath has been selectively appropriated and modified—that the true grounding community traditions of modern professionalism can be found. If Hippocratic maxims such as primum non nocere have survived, it is more because the moral traditions that currently inform medical ethics (e.g., human rights, liberal individualism) have found them useful and relevant than because they are part of the Hippocratic corpus per se. The Hippocratic ideals, including primum non nocere, would be inconsequential for modern medical practice if there were no living moral communities to foster, sustain, and practice them. For example, the practice of professional courtesy—treating fellow physicians and their dependents without charge—was once a common professional practice that derived from the language of the Hippocratic Oath. In the modern world of insurance copayments and managed care, this courtesy is rarely practiced and is viewed as an optional professional practice by the AMA, despite its Hippocratic foundations.
Some may reply that the Hippocratic tradition is a straw man and that these modern grounding narratives may still be defined as intrinsic to the practice of medicine. We affirm and celebrate the common heritage of caring for the sick and suffering that has been cultivated by generations—indeed, centuries—of physicians. There is much to be learned from this collective history; but is it a necessary or logical conclusion that a physician’s encounter with patients who are sick will encourage the cultivation of the professional virtues of altruism, respect, benevolence, and so on? The numerous counter examples both in history and in the present suggest otherwise. Medicine has had many embodiments throughout history, from the Hippocratics to the reductionist physicians whom they opposed, to the monastic physicians of the earliest charity hospitals, to early professionals such as Percival and Gregory, to the physician–scientists of the modern academic medical center. In each of these cases, medical care has existed in a particular cultural milieu and has been profoundly influenced and directed by the prevailing moral community traditions of the broader culture. The experience of physicians in caring for the sick can inform and influence these broader community traditions, but it cannot supplant them. Working with undeserved populations can strengthen our commitment to economic justice, but only if we already think that justice is a goal to be pursued; sitting with vulnerable and suffering patients can strengthen our commitment to altruism, autonomy, and respect, but only if we already believe that the vulnerable should not be exploited. Modern medicine, as it has done in the past, must look outside itself—that is, beyond its own methodological and clinical practices—for grounding narratives sufficient to sustain the professional virtues."
| שייך לנושאים: 1-13 - חינוך אינטגרלי, -מקורות מדעיים, התפתחות האגו, 4. יאוש וניכור |
| להשאיר תגובה | |
Dr. Bart Pattyn, Dr. Luc Van Liedekerke
Field of reference: Sociology, Psychology
Description: Pressure in attainment of higher education and job credentials lead to multi stress mental conditions
"Success in the educational system is regarded as the result of one's personal achievement. Someone who does not have a diploma is held personally responsible. This greater responsibility attached to success is reinforced by the fact that an employee's accomplishments are more and more individually evaluated and given a positive or negative assessment (as modern HRM dictates). This tendency has created a risk of job insecurity even for someone who is highly educated. Favourable economic conditions do not lessen the tendency to carry out radical restructuring and downsizing, making unemployment a constant threat. Employees are expected to be more and more flexible when looking for a job and when choosing a place to live. Research by Hans De Witte has demonstrated that this has a significant psychological impact. Job satisfaction declines, and the chance of stressrelated problems and psychosomatic illness increases."
| שייך לנושאים: 1-13 - חינוך אינטגרלי, -מקורות מדעיים, התפתחות האגו, 4. יאוש וניכור |
| להשאיר תגובה | |
Dr. Bart Pattyn, Dr. Luc Van Liedekerke
Field of reference: Sociology, Psychology
Description: Increase of mental illness/depression/younger generation suicide rates due to anxiety/lack of confidence/lack of respect
"In the more affluent societies, people are susceptible to mental illness when they are faced with personal problems, stress, lack of respect, etc. In high-income countries, mental illness accounts for 23% of all illness. At present, mental depression is one of the top ten most frequently occurring illnesses, and predictions indicate that by 2020 it will occupy second place (Brundtland, 1999). Since Durkheim's sociological research was carried out, it is often assumed that the positive influence generated by a community is inversely proportional to its suicide rate (Durkheim, 1897). In our society, the suicide rate is high, especially when compared with the Netherlands and England. The increase in suicide attempts by young people is particularly troubling. Between 1988 and 1997, the number of suicides between the ages of 15 and 44 increased by 43%. Various causes have been cited for uncertainty, anxiety and lack of confidence. Some are new, some have existed for a long time; some have been tested empirically, others are of a more speculative nature; but they are all part of more encompassing views of man and society."
| שייך לנושאים: 1-13 - חינוך אינטגרלי, -מקורות מדעיים, התפתחות האגו, 4. יאוש וניכור |
| להשאיר תגובה | |