John Stewart
Field of reference: Biology
Description: Evolution advances through the cooperation of individual identities into larger and larger collectives
"Evolution progresses towards greater cooperation by discovering ways to build cooperative organisations out of components that are self-interested. It has done so repeatedly throughout the history of life on earth. Cooperative groups of self-replicating molecular processes formed the first simple cells, groups of these cells formed larger and more complex cells, these in turn formed cooperative groups of cells that became multicellular organisms, and groups of multicellular organisms formed cooperative insect societies and human social systems. One thing that is striking about this is that the cooperative groups that arose at each step in the sequence became the organisms that then teamed up to form the cooperative groups (and organisms) at the next step in the sequence. The result has been that all larger-scale living organisms are made up of smaller-scale living processes that are in turn made up of still smaller-scale processes and so on. And for the organism to operate effectively, all these layers of living processes must cooperate in the interests of the organism. All organisms, each of us included, are cooperative organisations."
| שייך לנושאים: 1-13 - חינוך אינטגרלי, -מקורות מדעיים, הטבע, 1. רמת קשר |
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John Stewart
Field of reference: Biology
Description: Cooperation leads to greater adaptability and survival in nature
"The potential benefits of adaptations which establish cooperative arrangements amongst living entities are well known, whether the entities are molecular processes, cells, multicellular organisms, or human nation states. In particular, cooperation between entities can avoid the costly consequences of the pursuit by individuals of their individual interests at the expense of others, and can provide the advantages of cooperative differentiation, specialisation, and division of labour (e.g. as exemplified by molecular processes within cells, cells within metazoans, and human activities within modern economies). Cooperative organisation can also establish coordinated action across greater scales of space and time, enabling adaptation to external events of greater scale (e.g. metazoans can generally adapt successfully to larger scale threats than can single celled organisms)."
| שייך לנושאים: 1-13 - חינוך אינטגרלי, -מקורות מדעיים, הטבע, 1. רמת קשר |
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Dr. Nicholas Christiakis
Field of reference: Sociology
Description: TED Talk, network science shows the effects of inherent interconnections between people
"New properties emerge because of our embeddedness in social networks and these properties inhere, in the structure of the networks, not just in the individuals within them. So think about these two objects (Graphite in a pencil, A diamond).
They're both made of carbon. And yet, one of them has carbon atoms arranged in one particular way, and you get graphite, which is soft and dark.But if you take the same atoms and interconnect them a different way, you get diamond, which is clear and hard.
And those properties of softness and hardness and hardness and clearness do not reside in the carbon atoms. They reside in the interconnections between the carbon atoms, or at least, arise because of the interconnections between the carbon atoms.So similarly, the pattern of connections among people, confers among people, groups of people, different properties.It is the ties between people that makes the whole greater than the sum of its parts."
| שייך לנושאים: 1-13 - חינוך אינטגרלי, -מקורות מדעיים, הטבע, 1. רמת קשר |
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Dr. Vilayanur S. Ramachandran
Field of reference: Neuroscience
Description: TED Talk, neuroscience research reveals the interconnection of consciousness
"There is no real independent self aloof from other human beings, inspecting the world and inspecting other people, you are in fact connected not just by facebook and internet, you are connected by your neurons.""There is no real distinctiveness of your consciousness from somebody else’s consciousness… And this is not mumbo-jumbo philosophy. it emerges from our understanding of basic neuroscience."
| שייך לנושאים: 1-13 - חינוך אינטגרלי, -מקורות מדעיים, הטבע, 1. רמת קשר |
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Dr. David Bohm
Field of reference: Physics
Description: Our thoughts are shared and affected by the thoughts of others.We are all 'one thought process',A corporation has many departments, each of which is meaningless without outside the organization of the corporation.There is a systemic fault in our 'unified thought system' which, seemingly, cannot be corrected from within this unified system, but only from outside it, because everything inside is affected by the fault (kind of like a computer virus which affects the whole system)
"What I mean by 'thought' is the whole thing — thought, 'felt', the body, the whole society sharing thoughts — it's all one process. It is essential for me not to break that up, because it's all one process; somebody else's thought becomes my thought, and vice versa. Therefore it would be wrong and misleading to break it up into my thought, your thought, my feelings, these feelings, those feelings. I would say that thought makes what is often called in modern language a system. A system means a set of connected things or parts. But the way people commonly use the word nowadays it means something all of whose parts are mutually interdependent — not only for their mutual action, but for their meaning and for their existence. A corporation is organized as a system — it has this department, that department, that department... they don't have any meaning separately; they only can function together. And also the body is a system. Society is a system in some sense. And so on.Now, I say that this system has a fault in it — a 'systematic fault'. It is not a fault here, there or here, but it is a fault that is all throughout the system. Can you picture that? It is everywhere and nowhere. You may say "I see a problem here, so I will bring my thoughts to bear on this problem". But "my" thought is part of the system. It has the same fault as the fault I'm trying to look at, or a similar fault.Thought is constantly creating problems that way and then trying to solve them. But as it tries to solve them it makes it worse because it doesn’t notice that it's creating them, and the more it thinks, the more problems it creates."
| שייך לנושאים: 1-13 - חינוך אינטגרלי, -מקורות מדעיים, הטבע, 1. רמת קשר |
| להשאיר תגובה | |