Dr Judith A Ouellette, Dr. Wendy Wood
Field of reference: Sociology, Psychology
Description: The multiple processes by which past behavior predicts future behavior.
"Past behavior guides future responses through 2 processes. Well-practiced behaviors in constant contexts recur because the processing that initiates and controls their performance becomes automatic. Frequency of past behavior then reflects habit strength and has a direct effect on future performance. ”
| שייך לנושאים: 1-13 - חינוך אינטגרלי, -מקורות מדעיים, השפעת הסביבה, 1. הרגל טבע שני |
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Dr. Russell W. Gough
Field of reference: Sociology, Psychology
Description: Making a Habit of Doing the Right Thing.
"1) Human societies, like individual human lives, ultimately depend and flourish not on a foundation of personality traits but on a foundation of habits of character. That’s why I stress that it is impossible to improve our individual lives or our society without making personal character a top priority.
2) “You actually have to practice having good character. I find it’s helpful to ask myself again and again, ‘am I doing the right thing?’ Not, ‘do I know what’s right and good,’ but ‘am I choosing to do the right thing?’ Every time we choose to do what’s right, we practice; we exercise our ethical muscles to the point where doing what’s right and good becomes a habit.”
| שייך לנושאים: 1-13 - חינוך אינטגרלי, -מקורות מדעיים, השפעת הסביבה, 1. הרגל טבע שני |
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Aristotle
Field of reference: Psychology, Philosophy
Description: Aristotelian virtue theory
"1) We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence, then, is not an act, but a habit.
2) Moral virtues come from habits. They are not in us neither by nature, nor in despite of nature, but we are furnished by nature with a capacity for receiving them, and we develop them through habit."
| שייך לנושאים: 1-13 - חינוך אינטגרלי, -מקורות מדעיים, השפעת הסביבה, 1. הרגל טבע שני |
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World Wildlife Foundation
Field of reference: Media, Psychology
Description: On the detrimental effects of advertising on human behavior
"Published by Public Interest Research Centre and WWF-UK, this report examines the evidence that commercial advertising could exacerbate the social and environmental problems that we collectively confront."
"Think Of Me As Evil? presents evidence that advertising may increase overall consumption; that it could promote and normalise a range of behaviours, attitudes and values, many of which are socially and environmentally damaging; that it manipulates individuals on a subconscious level, both children and adults; and that it is so pervasive in modern society as to make the choice of opting-out from exposure virtually impossible."
"The report calls on the advertising industry and its clients to take responsibility for demonstrating that the impacts of commercial advertising are benign, and to support precautionary measures until such time as this is demonstrated. It also calls upon civil society organisations to pay much greater attention to commercial advertising and its possible impacts in frustrating delivery on a wide range of social and environmental outcomes."
| שייך לנושאים: 1-13 - חינוך אינטגרלי, -מקורות מדעיים, השפעת הסביבה, 4. תוצר הסביבה |
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The Guardian
Field of reference: Education, Health
Description: Research shows that depriving children of a loving family environment causes lasting damage to their intelligence, emotional wellbeing and even their physical stature.
"The report shows that emotional and cognitive impairments caused by a poor social environment can be substantially improved if living conditions are improved early enough, according to Professor Nathan Fox of the University of Maryland."
"Charles Nelson, a paediatrics specialist at Harvard University, used measurements of brain activity to assess whether a lack of social interaction and attention might harm children's neural development. Using EEG (electroencephaolograms), Dr Nelson looked at the strength of brain activity relative to children who had never been institutionalised. The measurements showed children in the orphanage had less powerful activity in all parts of their brains. In this case, placing the children into foster homes failed to bring about significant improvement."
| שייך לנושאים: 1-13 - חינוך אינטגרלי, -מקורות מדעיים, השפעת הסביבה, 4. תוצר הסביבה |
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