1-13 - חינוך אינטגרלי » -מקורות מדעיים » השפעת הסביבה » 4. תוצר הסביבה »

Dr. M Fishbein, Dr. Icek Ajzen

פורסם: 9.02.12, 4:01 am

Field of reference: Psychology

Description: How one's volitional behavior can be predicted according to how others view their behavior

"The components of TRA are three general constructs: behavioral intention (BI), attitude (A), and subjective norm (SN). TRA suggests that a person's behavioral intention depends on the person's attitude about the behavior and subjective norms (BI = A + SN). If a person intends to do a behavior then it is likely that the person will do it. Behavioral intention measures a person's relative strength of intention to perform a behavior. Attitude consists of beliefs about the consequences of performing the behavior multiplied by his or her valuation of these consequences. Subjective norm is seen as a combination of perceived expectations from relevant individuals or groups along with intentions to comply with these expectations. In other words, "the person's perception that most people who are important to him or her think he should or should not perform the behavior in question" (Ajzen and Fishbein, 1975). To put the definition into simple terms: a person's volitional (voluntary) behavior is predicted by his/her attitude toward that behavior and how he/she thinks other people would view them if they performed the behavior. A person's attitude, combined with subjective norms, forms his/her behavioral intention. Fishbein and Ajzen say, though, that attitudes and norms are not weighted equally in predicting behavior. "Indeed, depending on the individual and the situation, these factors might be very different effects on behavioral intention."

Link to the academic paper


שייך לנושאים: 1-13 - חינוך אינטגרלי, -מקורות מדעיים, השפעת הסביבה, 4. תוצר הסביבה
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Liz Brooker

פורסם: 9.02.12, 3:55 am

Field of reference: Education

Description: Building a safe nurturing  environment has amazing positive influences for manifesting compassionate social behavior

"The quality of resilience can be identified even in young and vulnerable children. It is most commonly defined as ‘normal development under difficult circumstances’ (after Fonagy et al., 1994, p. 233). Krovetz (1999) has identified four strands to this attribute: social competence, problem-solving skills, autonomy, and a sense of purpose. All these qualities may be inculcated in young children through skilful and sensitive caregiving. All are needed for children to feel confident in facing future circumstances that threaten their identity and well-being.It is unlikely that children will develop these qualities without support. The task for parents and adults working with young children is to provide opportunities for particular aspects of their resilience to be strengthened. For many children, a secure environment and a sense of belonging are sufficient to enable them to face new challenges. Programmes which emphasise group – rather than individual – activities and achievements, and which advocate the importance of effort in resolving difficulties, help children to develop additional sources of strength"

Link to the article

שייך לנושאים: 1-13 - חינוך אינטגרלי, -מקורות מדעיים, השפעת הסביבה, 4. תוצר הסביבה
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Dr. Martin Woodhead

פורסם: 9.02.12, 3:52 am

Field of reference: Education

Description: Building a safe nurturing  environment develops compassionate character traits

"Developing personal identity is a dynamic process embedded in the child’s multiple activities and relationships in everyday settings at home, in the community and at preschool. Identity is best described as constructed, co-constructed and reconstructed by the child through his or her interactions with parents, teachers, peers and others. These dynamic processes include imitation and identification in shared activities, including imaginative role-play (Göncü, 1999). Non-verbal communication, dialogue and, later, text and electronic media are all key resources for constructing children’s sense of who 
they are in relation to others."  

Link to the article

שייך לנושאים: 1-13 - חינוך אינטגרלי, -מקורות מדעיים, השפעת הסביבה, 4. תוצר הסביבה
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The Telegraph

פורסם: 9.02.12, 3:44 am

Field of reference: Psychology, Sociology

Description: The story of a feral child who was brought up by a pack of dogs

"For five years, Oxana Malaya lived with dogs and survived on raw meat and scraps. When she was found she was running around on all fours barking. Elizabeth Grice hears her incredible story
She bounds along on all fours through long grass, panting towards water with her tongue hanging out. When she reaches the tap she paws at the ground with her forefeet, drinks noisily with her jaws wide and lets the water cascade over her head.
Up to this point, you think the girl could be acting - but the moment she shakes her head and neck free of droplets, exactly like a dog when it emerges from a swim, you get a creepy sense that this is something beyond imitation. Then, she barks. 
The furious sound she makes is not like a human being pretending to be a dog. It is a proper, chilling, canine burst of aggression and it is coming from the mouth of a young woman, dressed in T-shirt and shorts.
This is 23-year-old Oxana Malaya reverting to behaviour she learnt as a young child when she was brought up by a pack of dogs on a rundown farm in the village of Novaya Blagoveschenka, in the Ukraine."

Link to the article


שייך לנושאים: 1-13 - חינוך אינטגרלי, -מקורות מדעיים, השפעת הסביבה, 4. תוצר הסביבה
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Dr. Loretta F. Kasper

פורסם: 9.02.12, 3:40 am

Field of reference: Sociology

Description: A human develops constantly through social interaction.

"We all enter this world as potentially social beings. When we are born, we are essentially helpless and must depend upon others to fulfill our most basic physiological needs. As we grow and mature, we experience an ongoing process of social interaction which enables us to develop the skills we will need to participate in human society. This ongoing process is called socialization. Socialization is critical for human society as a whole because it is the means of teaching culture to each new generation."

Link to the article

 


שייך לנושאים: 1-13 - חינוך אינטגרלי, -מקורות מדעיים, השפעת הסביבה, 4. תוצר הסביבה
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